Soomaaliya oo Xoriyad Heshay

Mar mar, marakaan ka fakaro dadka Soomaaaliyeed ee qorbajooga ah—oo aan ka mid ahay—waxaan xussustaa heeskaan oo niman Maraykan ah ay qoreen.

Markay qoreen waxay ka hadalaayeen afar boqol (400) sanno oo isticmaar oo ay dadka Maraykanka ah oo mad madow ay soo mareen.

Dadkaasu mad madow waa dad aad u bahdilan. Waa dad si xun la Abuwuusay oo waa dad aan garankarin meesha ay ka yimaadeen sababtaasuna waxaa u ah in si aad u fool xun oo sharci daro ah loo geeyay qaaradda lugu magacaabo maanta qaaradda Maraykanka, oona beeraha dadka gaalada cad cad loogu isticmaalay sida xoolo la rarto.

Maanta waxaa jira cadaadis xun oo kaga imaanaaya dhanka dhaqaalaha dadka ah gaalada cad cad oo reer Yuurub iyo reer Maraykanba isugu jira waxayna rabaan in ay helaan meelo cusub oo ay u dirikaraan dadkooda tababarrab oo dadqolattada ah, waxayna jecelyihiin in dadkaasu meelo cusub ka howl galaan oo ay soo abaabulaan qabsoshada beero cusub oo qodis cusub ama isticmaar cusub loo gayb karo ee qarnigaan 21-aad.

Sida dadka Soomaaliyeed ay ula socdaan (meelkasta ay joogaan) dhulkii Soomaaliyeed waxaa iibinaaya dad shisheeya oo waxay dadkaasu shisheeya run moodeen beenta ay isu wada sheegeen oo ah in Soomaalidu yihiin dad cawaan ah oo aan kala jeclayn hadii dhulkooda—dhulkii Illaahay siiyay—in laga qaado ama in laga qaadin!

Waxaan rabaa in ay dadka Soomaaliyeed, qaar ahaan dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ku nool gudaha dalkeenii in ay kalimadaha heeska aan ku lifaaqay meeshaan (oo rag mad madow oo Maraykanka ah ay qoreen) ay wax ka faa'iidaystaan oo ay gartaan in dadlkoodii ay dadka shisheeya ay rabaan in ay isticmaaraan waqtiga hada lugu jiro.

Waxaa ogaataan taariikhda jirta oo waxaa is waydiisaan hadii dad la gumaysanaayay 400 sanno, maxaa keenay in ay xoriyadooda maanta raadiyaan?

Hadiina ay xoriyyadooda u dagaalamaayaan maanta, maxaa adinka—oo dad xornimadda u dhashay adinkoo ah dad Soomaaliyeed—uga fakaraysaan imisa sanoo oo hor leh isku duubaaya calanka buluuga ah oo callamadda u ah qaranimadii sharaftalahayd ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed.

Waa in la iswaydiiyo, maxaa dadkeena Soomaaliyeed oo walaalaha aan wada nahay ku qasbay in ay taageeraan dad la mid ah!!! Sh. Shariif iyo C/raxmaan 'Faroole'!!!?

Dad keena dhalinta yar maxaa ku dhacay? Maxaan u waynay dad dhalinyar oo u soo istaaga difaaca dalkeena???

Somalia and the Ancient World (Part 4)

Papers in African Pre-history

The prehistoric origins of African culture

Remarkable and exciting discoveries that have been made in Africa during the last five years suggests that it was here that tool-making first appeared in the geological record, and that it was then carried to other continents by hominid forms, the discovery of which has necessitated completely new thinking about the biological development of man. In the same way the discovery undreamed of twenty years ago, of urban centres in the near east, dating to as early as the eighth millennium BCE, is providing unique details of life in early Neolithic times and causing pre-historians to look back ever further into the past, almost to the close of the last glacial period, for the first signs of the domestication of plants and animals and settled village life.

Such discoveries are fundamental to the study of the origins and growth of social and economic life and increasing use is being made of the archaeological record by the cultural and anthropologist and ethno-historian, although there is still in places a lingering tendency to consider that prehistory has nothing to offer the student of present-day culture. The success of collaboration between anthropologists, linguists, historians and archaeologists has, however, already been amply demonstrated in several African countries. While, therefore, it is now obvious that archaeology can provide some if the best source material for the reconstruction of cultural antecedents, population movements, and even of the origins of some social and religious practices on a factual basis, it is the new ways in which the archaeologist is using his data that render the results and potential so valuable. The artefacts in the Bed I Living-sites show that there can be little doubt that the east African australopithecines were working stone for use as tools. Indeed, their Pliocene ancestors had been using tools for millions of years. Archaeologists have discovered a stone hand-axe dating back millions of years in a site in Sheikh, Somalia.

Elliot Smith, though basically in with G. Sergi, was inclined to accord independent status to the Nordic or Teutonic races, and wanted to add to the Euro-Africans; the ancient Sumerians, the Arab Dravidians, and other dwellers on the shores of the Indian Ocean, forming a new but very loosely defined entity called the Brown race ‘in reference to the distinctive colours of their skin.’ The

Mediterranean and Hamites are sub-groups of their race. (pp 110) The introduction of political and social organisation on a wilder scale than the tribes is credited to the Hamites, although it should perhaps be made clear that the position which appears proper to assign to the Hamites is not due to a mere belief in the inherent superiority of the Hamite element; as Greenberg puts it, but to their actual and potential abilities as demonstrated by factual evidence. Any ethno-types which lack chief-ship or Hamitic patriliny may be excluded from consideration as civilisers. The Somali and Oromo, rather than the Egyptians, are to be regarded as the source whence ideas of political growth spread westwards, i.e. these are to be considered the civilisers.

Africa created cereal sorghums long before India, which used African types as parents. The present writer has shown that the term was borrowed from the Hamitic languages; Somali is the cradle of cereal cultivation. (Papers in African prehistory, pp 126)

Emmer wheat and barley were known very early in other centres of civilisation in old world – in Mesopotamia by 7000 BCE (Jamo) and in Egypt in about 4500 BCE (Merimte) moreover, the existence of considerable contact among the ancient centres is increasingly known and documented. Though direct contact between highland Ethiopia and Egypt has not been proved for times predating the Semitic invasion, it is a real possibility. Already about 2600 BCE, the pharaoh Sneferu dispatched to Phoenicia a fleet of forty vessels to obtain cedar logs, which indicates a considerable skill in navigation.

By the time of Sahure (c. 2488-2475 BCE) there are reports of an Egyptian fleet reaching the land of (punt, Hafoon also known as God’s land), a contact which was reaffirmed in other inscriptions, such as that telling of the famous expedition of queen Hatshepsut in 1496 BCE.

It has generally been believed hitherto that the pastoral and agricultural economist of Africa were originally quite distinct, that pastoralism was racial characteristic (Bauman for instance, used cattle-herding as irrefragable evidence for his presence of his eastern Hamites) and even, that the pastoralists were responsible for transmission of the elements of higher culture to negro peoples and for the construction of complex political systems the route sometimes suggested, from Arabia across the horn, is ruled out by absence of all but the most primitive cultures of south Arabia until the first millennium BCE and in Somali until the Christian era. Moreover, the word for cow in a great variety of Sudanese and east African languages can be referred to the Nubian form Ti (pp. 59-69).

The civilisations of Africa are the civilisations of the Hamites, it is the history record of these peoples and of their interaction with the two other African stocks, the negro and the bushman, whether this influence was exerted by highly civilised Egyptians or by such wider pastoralists as are represented at the present day by the Beja and the Somali. The incoming Hamites were pastoral. 35000 years ago or 35000 BCE; there is quite a possibility that this might have been so, for in East Africa, certainly, the later blade and burin industries were the work of populations of this physical type, largely identified today with the Hamites or Cushites of the Horn of Africa.

[4]: Black Athena: The Afro-asiatic roots of classical civilization Volume I: The fabrication of ancient

Greece 1785-1985

This concludes my presentation of the work of Ina Cigaal Yey, and it is my hope that all who encounter this work shall form a favourable impression of this subject.

Somalia and the Ancient World (Part 3)

The Ancient Egyptians and the Origins of their Culture

The Egyptian art of the earliest dynasties bears again a remarkable resemblance to that of early Babylonia. The conquering race brought to Egypt the religion and a culture originally derived from that of the Sumerian. The legends which seem to bring the ancestors of the Egyptians from the Red Sea coast have already been mentioned. Now the Egyptians always knew that they were from the land of the God – Somalia; in the time of the XVIIII^th Dynasty they depicted the inhabitants of God’s land as greatly resembling themselves in form, feature, and dress, and as wearing the little turn-up beard which was worn by Egyptians of the earliest times, but even as early as the IV^th dynasty was reserved for the God kings. The statues of Min are older. The crioceras-shells belong to the Red sea. This theory, which would make all the Neolithic inhabitants of Egypt one people, who were conquered race bringing a culture of Sumerian origin to Egypt by way of the Wadi Hammamat, is that generally accepted at the present time. Sumerians did not bring the civilisation to Egypt; the Sumerians and Egyptians both migrated from the land of God, or present day Somalia.

It seems likely that the delta dwellers established themselves at Egypt at a slightly earlier date than the Upper Egyptians and brought their agriculture and science more rapidly to perfection. Some scholars nevertheless refuse to accept this hypothesis of the early supremacy of the Delta. They prefer to believe that the predominant influence was exerted by Upper Egypt, whose inhabitants may have reached Egypt from the direction of the Red Sea. The larger extent and better state of preservation of the pre-dynastic culture of Upper Egypt is advanced as an argument in favour of this view. It may be noted that the ancient Egyptians themselves appear to have been convinced that their place of origin was African rather than Asian. They made continued reference to the land of God Hafun (Punt) as their homeland. In dynastic times, ambitious trading expeditions were dispatched to (Punt) Hafun which has been identified as modern Somaliland. ^[1]

Hatshepsut required Senmut, a man whose architectural gifts resembled and were not inferiror to those of Imhotep, to build an imposing monument which would enhance her disputed claim to the throne, and Senmut hit upon a design which lent grace and distinction to the grandiose intention of the building. He sent an expedition to the land of God (Punt) or Hafun on the Red Sea to procure Myrrh trees, while on his airy terraces he disposed palm trees, sacred persea trees and papyrus beds. One of his colonnades was devoted to carved pictures of the expedition to Somali country, another to representations of the allegedly divine birth of the Queen. ^[2]

[1]:Ancient Egypt Jon Eubank Manchip White-P.141

[2]:Ancient Egypt Jon Eubank Manchip White-P.77

While Crete kept the Bull-cultas central for another 600 years, Egypt abandoned the royal cult of Mont with the rise of the 12^th Dynasty soon after 2000 B.C. The new dynasty had the upper Egyptian Ram-God Amon as its patron. I believe that it is from influence of the period that most of the ram-cults found around the Aegean and generally associated with Zeus were derived, drawing both from Amon and from the lower Egyptian cult of the ram/goat Mendes.

Herodotos and later authors wrote at length about the widespread conquests of a pharaoh he called Sesostris – whose name has been identified with s-n-wsrt or Senwosret, that of a number of 12^th dynasty pharaoh Heredotos claims on this, however, have been treated with especial derision. The same treatment has been given to ancient legends concerning wider-ranging expeditions by the north-eastern African or Egyptian prince Memnon, whose name could well derive from Imn-m-h₃t (written Ammenemés by later Greek writers), the name of other important 12^th dynasty pharaohs. Both legendary cycles now seem to have been vindicated by the recent reading of an inscription from Memphis which details the conquests, by land and sea, of two 12^th dynasty pharaohs, Senwosret I and Ammenemés II. There is also an intriguing resemblance between Hpr KiR; an alternative name for Senwosret and Kekrops, the legendary founder of Athens whom some ancient sources said was an Egyptian. To investigate the claim for conquest in the Caucuses we have to look at another class of evidence. This is the Tater tradition. Herodotus believed that the inhabitants of Colchis on the eastern shore of the black sea were descendants of troops from Sesostris army who had settled there. He based this claim on a number of factors, including that this was what the Colchians claimed to be their origin and that they were black with tight curly hair; which was how he identified the Egyptians. It also suggests Herodotus was erring on the side of caution when he said that Egyptians, unlike the Colchians, were unaware of any connection between their two countries. A long passage from the Argonanautika attribute the foundation of Colchis to an Egyptian Pharaoh who had ruled before there was any Greece. This and a number of reported aspects of Colchian culture attended to confirm Herodotus’ picture, at least to the extent that the Colchians in the fifth century BC believed themselves to be descendants from soldiers in Sesostris army if not that their tradition was essentially accurate. A still more remarkable fact is that, even today, there is an African black local population in from the subtropical coast near the resort of Sukhumi. The people, who survived Stalin’s attempts to scatter them and to force inter-marriage, speak the local Caucasian language of Abkhaz and are fiercely Muslim.

The next wave of influence, about which tradition was much more clear-cut, took place during the Hyksos period. The Hyksos, whose name came from the Egyptian Hkst, rulers of foreign lands; were invaders from the north or from the Red sea who conquered and ruled at least Lower Egypt from about 1720 to 1575 B.C. Although other, possibly Hurrian, elements seem to have been involved, the Hyksos were predominantly Semitic or Hamitic speaking?

In the 12^th century B.C. there was a more disruptive historical break. In antiquity, what is now called the ‘Dorian Invasion’ was much more frequently termed ‘The return of the Heraklids’. The incomers undoubtedly came from the north-western fringes of Greece, which had been less affected by the Middle Eastern culture of Mycenaean palaces which they destroyed. Black Athena Volume II Chapter VIII is concerned with the Hyksos or Hykas in Somali language, the people from the northeast, who invaded or infiltrated Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom and who controlled at least Lower Egypt for over a century and a half until they were expelled by the Egypto-Nubian 18^th dynasty at some point near 1570 B.C. The first problem considered is that of chronology, which is very uncertain from the Egyptian records. I argue, on the basis of Palestinian ceramic periods, that the Hyksos or Hykas had arrived in at least the Eastern Delta by 1740 B.C. The second problem is that of the ethnicity of the Hykas or Hyksos. I approach this by considering the historiography of the Hykas-Hyksos. The standard classical text on this, written by the Egyptian priest Manetho, described by the Hykas-Hyksos as from the regions of the East, invaders of obscure race who invaded and ruthlessly conquered Egypt. As mentioned above, from at least Hellenistic times writers have associated the Hikas-Hyksos rule in Egypt with the Israelite captivity or Sojourn in Egypt so that, until the end of the 19^th century, it appears to have been assumed that the invaders were Israelite or proto-Israelites, in any event Semitic speakers. With the systemisation of anti-Semitism, however, this picture of northerners sweeping town on prosperous river valleys seemed typically Aryan and not at all Semitic, if as the late 19^th century scholars did, one discounts the Arabs for the purpose of this argument. This view of the Hyksos-Hikas had the backing of Manetho’s statement that they were of “obscure race” and of an 18^th dynasty inscription which was read as stating that the Hyksos-Hikas capital contained SM₃W, the standard Egyptian term for the Semitic speakers of Syro-Palestine, with the SM₃W, wonderers or foreigners in their midst. This was interpreted as an indication that the Hyksos-Hikas had a non-Semitic core. This was quickly indentified with the newly discovered Hurrians, speakers of a language that was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, who were supposed to have migrated to the northern Mesopotamia from the third millennium and probably much earlier still. Scholarly enthusiasm for the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni that was contemporaneous with the 18^th dynasty became even greater when it was discovered that some Mitanni royal and divine names and chariot driving terms were Indo-Iranian if not Indo-Aryan. Black Athena Volume III Page 12,

Of the languages itself and of the laws by which it was governed a few words must be said. The actual source of the Egyptian language is wrapped in obscurity. Some great authorities make it of Aryan origin, while others class with Semitic tongues. In all probability, neither classification is strictly correct. The Egyptian belongs, however, to what is called the Hamitic family of tongues – a group which includes the Somali, Libyan, Berber, and other African languages. In all these the feminine takes the letter T, either as a prefix or a suffix and they all conjugate the verb by agglutination. The one and only real certain fact is that the Hamitic and Semitic languages are derived from a common source. Their grammatical system is in certain essential points, the same. Many of their roots are identical, their plural forms are closely related, and in all the feminine determinative are alike; but these two linguistic families offshoots from one parent stem separated in the ages before history, that parent being itself but a prehistoric idiom of very limited range and unknown antiquity. Its home must be somewhere in northeast Africa.

Macro historical linguistics; the most generally accepted and most relevant super families, is Afro-asiatic, previously known as Hamito-Semitic. This huge range of languages includes the following families; Semitic spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrean as well as in south west Asia, Chadic, Hausa and other languages around and to the west lake Chad: Berber the original languages of north west Africa still spoken in its mountains and remotes oases; east Cushitic, Somali and related languages; Cushitic, the language of the Oromo people; south Cushitic spoken by scattered groups of Somalis in Kenya; and Omotic , spoken in south west Ethiopia. Some branches are made up of single languages; beja, spoken between the Nile and the red sea, an ancient Egyptian. Linguists have discovered enough common features among all these branches to postulate a single, though very ancient, ancestral language. Strong etymological evidence suggests that this very ancient; ancestral language, parent language is the root language which is now spoken in modern day Somalia. The Somali language remains mostly unchanged from the original ancestral language. Other linguists have found even larger super-families.

Somali and Egyptian languages in ancient times shared remarkable similarities in both language and culture; many of which are still evident in the modern day Somali language and culture. This phenomenon is also apparent between the ancient Sumerians and the Somalis; both of which share similarities in language and culture. There are insurmountable historical, archaeological and etymological evidences indicating the similar cultural and linguistic roots of the ancient Sumerians and the ancient Egyptians with the ancient Somalis. These evidences and the fact that both; the ancient Sumerian; and ancient Egyptian civilisations had no form of contact between each other for over 2000 years, lead to the discovery of a civilisation of origin for both the ancient Sumerians and the ancient Egyptians. This ancient ancestral, original civilisation is the ancient Somali civilisation.

Ancient Sumerian	Somali	English Translation
Eabe	Eabe	God
Iriddu	Irid	Exit
Ina	Ina	Son of
Asari	Asar/ausar/asair	Head/king
Nin/ninbu’bu’	Nin	Man

Ancient Egypt	Somali	English Translation
Ab	Ab	Drink
Aar	Aar	Lion (male)
Usha	Ul/Usha	A stick (e.g. walking)
Hes	Hees	Song/sing
Rah	Qorah	The sun
Hun/hunnu	huuno	A title for children
Ausar	Asar/ausar/asair	Head/king
Barkin/barsi	Barkin	Wooden pillow

Somalia and the Ancient World (Part 2)

The History of the Ancient Egyptians and their Origins

The Egyptian pantheon was a gradual accretion, the result of amalgamating the various local cults; but these continued predominant in their several localities; and practically the only deities that obtained anything like a general recognition were Osiris, Isis, Horus and the Nile-god Hapi. Besides the common popular religion, the belief of the masses there was another that prevailed among the priests and among the educated. The primary doctrine of this esoteric religion was the real essential unity of the divine nature. The sacred texts known only to the priests and to the initiated, taught that there was a single Being, “the only true Living God, self-originate”, “Who existed from the beginning”, “Who has made all things, but has not himself been made”. This Being seems never to have been represented by any material, even symbolical form. It is thought that he had no name, or if he had, that it must have been unlawful to pronounce or write it. He was a pure spirit perfect in every respect; all-wise, almighty, supremely good. It is of him that the Egyptian poets use such expressions as the following: “He is not graven in marble; he is not beheld; his abode is not known; no shrine is found with painted figures of him; there is no house that can contain him;” and again: “Unknown is his name in heaven; he doth not manifest his forms; vain are all representations;” and yet again: “His commencement is from the beginning; He is the God who existed from old time; no father hath begotten him, he is a God; Goddess created from himself; all gods came into existence when he began.”_[3]

[3]: The story of the Nations page 38

This geographical distribution of the pre-historic remains fits in curiously with the ancient legend concerning the origin of ancestors of the Egyptians in Upper Egypt, and supports the much discussed theory that they came originally to the Nile Valley from the shores of the Red Sea by way of the Wadi Hammamat which debouches on to the Nile in the vicinity of Koptos and Kus, opposite Ballas and Tukh. The supposition seems a very probable one, and it may well be that the earliest Egyptians entered the Valley of the Nile by the route suggested and then spread northwards and southwards in the Valley. The other southern founders of the Monarchy who belonged to the race who had come from the Red Sea by the Wadi Hammamat, and so were the ancestors of the later natives of lower Egypt. Anyhow we have to account for the legends of distant origin on the Red Sea coast, the probability that one element of the Egyptian population was extraneous origin and come from the east into the Nile Valley near Koptos and finally the historical fact of an advance of the early dynastic Egyptians from the south to the conquest of the north. Those who entered the Nile Valley by the Wadi Hammamat came from the Red Sea towards the end of the Neolithic period, and, being of higher civilisation the native neolites, assumed the lordship over them, gave a great impetus to the development of their culture, and started at once the institution of Monarchy, the knowledge of letters, and the use of metals. The chiefs of this superior tribe founded the Monarchy conquered the north, unified the kingdom, and began Egyptian history. From many indications it would seem probable that these conquerors were of Babylonian Sumerian origin, but they themselves were African who came from God’s land or Opone = Ophone= Hafun by way of the straits of Bab El Mandeb, and proceeded up the coast to about the neighbourhood of Kuser, when the Wadi Hammamat offered them an open road to the valley of the Nile. By this route they may have entered Egypt, bringing with them a civilization, which, like that of Sumerian inhabitants of Babylonia. The Egyptian civilization of predynastic period resembles well known elements of the civilization of Babylonia. We may instance the use of the cylinder-seal, which died out in Egypt in the time of the XVIII^th dynasty, but was always used in Babylonia from the earliest to the latest times. The early Egyptian mace-head is of exactly the same type as the Babylonian one. In the British museum is an Egyptian mace-head of red breccia, which is identical in shape and size with one from Babylonia (also in the museum bearing the name of Sargon, King of Akkada.

Somalia and the Ancient World (Part 1)

I have encountered some fragments of evidence, over the years, which paint a picture if ancient Somalia and its relationship with other ancient societies. I am very pleased to be able to present here (re-produced integrally with the permission of the writer, one Ina Cigaal Yey) as a series of articles:

Babylonian Cosmogony

The Babylonian Myth of Creation; few creation myths are more replete with interest than those which have literary sanction. These are few in number as, for example, the creation story in Genesis, those to be found in Egyptian papyri, and that contained in the ‘Popol vuh’ of the Maya of Central America. In such an account we can trace the creation story from the dim conception of world-shaping to the polished and final effort of a priestly caste to give a theological interpretation to the intentions of the creative deity; and this is perhaps more the case with the creation myth which had its rise among the old ‘Akkadian’ population of Babylonian than with any other known to mythic science. In the account in Genesis of the framing of the world it has been discovered that two different versions have been fused to form a single story.

The Gilgamesh Epic

It is probable that the materials of the Gilgamesh epic, the great mythological poem of Babylonia, originally belonged to the older epoch. Thus a tablet dated 2100 B.C contains a variant of the deluge story interested in the XI^th tablet of the Gilgamesh epic. In the remote Sumerian period, perhaps this and other portions of the epic existed in oral tradition before they were committed to writing. Ashurbanipal was an enthusiastic and practical patron of literature. In this great library at Nineveh (the nucleus of which had been taken from Calah by Sennacherib) he had gathered a vast collection of volumes, clay tablets and papyri; most of which had been carried as spoil from conquered lands. He also employed scribes to copy older texts, and this is evidently how the existing edition of the Gilgamesh epic came to be written.

Eabani

The most important of the various mythological strata underlying the Gilgamesh myth is probably that concerning Eabani; who, as has been said, is a type of primitive man, living amongst the beasts of the field as one of themselves. However he is also, according to certain authorities, a form of the sun-god even as Gilgamesh himself. The transfer of power, from Ea to Merodach, however was skilfully arranged by the priesthood, for they made Merdach the son of Ea, so that he would naturally inherit his father’s attributes. In this transfer we observe the passing of the supremacy of the city of Eridu to that of Babyloia. Ea or Oannes, the fish-tailed god of Eridu, stood for the older and more southerly civilisation of the Babylonian race, whilst Merodach, patron god of Babylon, a very different type of deity,

represented the newer political power. Strange as it will appear, although he was patron god of Babylon, he did not originate in that city, but in Eridu, the city of Ea, and probably this is the reason why he was first regarded as the son of Ea. He is also directly associated with the Shamash, the chief sun-god of the later pantheon, and is often addressed as the god of canals, and opener of subterranean fountains; in appearance he is usually drawn with tongues of fire proceeding from his person, thus indicating the solar character. At other times he is represented as standing above the watery deep, with a horned creature at his feet, which also occasionally surface to symbolise Ea. It is noteworthy too, that his temple at Babylon bore the same name E-Sagila, their lofty house, as did Ea’s sanctuary at Eridu. We find among the cuneiform texts a copy of an older Babylonian text an interesting little poem which shows how Merodach attracted the attributes of the other gods to himself.

Ea is the Marduk (or Merodach) of canal,

Ninib is the Marduk of strength,

Nergal is the Marduk of war,

Zamama is the Marduk of battle,

Enlil is the Murduk of Sovereignty and control,

Nebo is the Marduk of passion,

Sin is the Marduk of illumination of the night,

Shamash is the Marduk of judgement,

Adad is the Marduk of rain,

Tishpak is the Marduk of the host,

Gal is the Marduk of strength,

Shukamunu is the Marduk of the harvest;

This would seem as if Merodach had absorbed the characteristics of all the other gods of any importance so successfully that he had almost established his position as the sole deity in Babylonia, and that therefore some degree of monotheism had been arrived at.

Merodach’s ideograph is the sun, and there is abundant evidence that he was first and last a solar god. The name, originally Amaruduk, probably signifies the young steer of days, which seems to be a figure for the morning sun. He was called Asari, which may be compared with the Asar, the Egyptian name of Osiris. Here we can see the similarities between Sumerian-Babylonian and Egyptian civilisations.

Sargon, born in concealment and sent adrift like Moses, like in an ark of Bulrushes on the waters of the Euphrates, whence he was rescued and brought up by on Akki (an Akkidian), a husbandman.

The older bel, the Chief seat of his worshiper was at Nippur, where the name of his temple, E-kur or mountain-house, came to be applied to a sanctuary all over Babylonia. When we first encounter the Babylonian civilisation, we find it grouped round about two nuclei, Nippur in the North and Eridu in the south. The first had grown up around a sanctuary of god-Enlil, who held sway over the ghostly animistic spirits which at his bidding might pose as the friends or enemies of men. A more ‘civilised’ deity held sway at Eridu, which was the home of Ea or Oannes, the god of light and wisdom, who exercised his knowledge of the healing art for the benefit of his votaries.

The ancient Sumerian city of Eridu, which means ‘on the sea shore’, was invested in great sanctity from the earliest of times, and Ea/Eabani (Eabe); the great magician of the gods, “was invoked by workers of spells, the priestly magicians of historic Babylonia. The mythological spell exercise by Eridu in later times suggests that the civilisation of Sumeria owed much to the worshipers of Eabani (Eabe or Eebow). At the sacred city the first man was created: there the souls of the dead passed towards the great deep, its proximity to the sea- Ea was Nin-Bubu, “god of the sailor;” may have brought it into contact with other people and other early civilisations. Like the early Egyptians, the early Sumerians may have been in touch with Punt=Somali people, which some regard as the cradle of Mediterranean race. The Egyptians obtained from the sacred land incense-bearing trees, which had magical potency. In a fragmentary Babylonian charm there is a reference to a sacred tree or bush at Eridu.

Professor Sayce has suggested that it is the biblical “tree of life” in the Garden of Eden. His translations of certain vital words, however is sharply questions by Mr R Campbell Thompson of British Museum, who does not accept the theory. It may be that Ea’s sacred bush or tree is a survival of tree and water worship. If Eridu was not the cradle of the Sumerian race, it was possibly the cradle of Sumerian civilisation. _[1]

[1]: Myths and Legends of Babylonia and Assyria

Along with En-lil and Ea, Anu makes up universal triad. He is called the ‘Father’ but appears to be of the Gods; descended from still older deities. His name is seldom discovered in the inscriptions prior to the time of Khammurabi, but such notices as occur of him seem to have already fixed his position as ruler of the sky. His cult was specially associated with the city of Erech. It is probable that in the earliest days he had been the original Sumerian sky-father, as his name is merely a form of the Sumerian word for heaven. This idea is associated by the manner in which his name is originally written in the inscriptions as the symbol signifying it is usually that employed for ‘heaven’. It is plain, therefore, that Anu was once regarded as the expanse of heaven itself, just as are the ‘sky-fathers’ of numerous primitive people. Several writers who deal with Anu appear to be of the opinion that a God of the heaven is an abstraction, popular fancy.

BA (see Egyptian myth, KA)

Baal (see dying Gods, Phoenician myth)

Many Canaanite fertility-gods were called Baal (Lord) before the Baal, Lord of thunder and rain, assumed their god which, as with the Hebrew deity Yahweh, could be pronounced only by initiates and under exceptional circumstances with his chief temple at tyre, his worship entered Israel via Jezehel (jeze-baal), Ahab’s wife, but Elijah had all the prophets of baal slaini Yahweh triumphed, temples to baal-hammon, lord of the altar of incense were popular from carthage to pallmyra. The Babylonian Belmardule may be associated, or maybe a masculinisation of the Sumerian goddess Belili. Connection with the British Bel (or Belinas) is unsure though the celtic may day festival of Beltane fire of Bel is suggestive.

Baal’s father was El, or Dagon. His wife (and mother) was anat. Later Astarte, defeating the sea-god Yam. Baal denied the authority of mot, his brother, Lord of the arid desert, also spirit of the harvest. Mot invested Baal to the land of the dead, and would not revive him. Anat killed Mot burning, grinding and scattering his members on the over the fields. Baal and Mot were duly resurrected, fighting an annual stalemate which ended only when \el dismissed Mot, leaving Baal in sole authority. The fecund god of rainfall and vegetation overcoming the parched, harvest plains. Babel tower of (nimrod) Genesis XI 1-9 tells how men tried to build the tower of babel, so high that from its summit they could assault heaven itself. The work went well, for all men spoke the same language. To confound it, Yahweh cursed the so all began babbling in different tongues, and split into seventy hostile nations, scattering over the face of the earth.

The name babel is commonly derived bab-ili, gate of god. The biblical account says this tower was built in the land of shinar the prophet micah calls Assyria the land of nimrod – in Hebrew Lore the name of the evil king who ordered the tower to be built. Others have identified it with the ziggurat esagilla in Babylon itself. The myths seeks to account for the dispersal of humanity into different nations and languages, similarly a Sumerian legend tell how the god Ea diversified language, so ending the golden age. (The myth and legends, S. Gordon, Pg 47-48

Babylonian myth (concordance)

About 3500 BC or earlier the Sumerian culture developed in mesopatamian desert and marsh lands adjacent to the Persian gulf land fertilised by the rivers tigris and Euphrates. Here arose the first states – Lagashm Kish and Eridu, sippar and uruk. Here too writing developed. Pictographs embraced on tablets of baked clay led to the wage shaped cuniform script. Babylon (bab-ili, gate of the gods, or gate of the gods; babel) was one such city state, though prominent only after the accession c. 2200 BC of the first dynasty. By the era of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC; famed for his code of civil law). Babylon epitomised a new culture and, amid the waves of semitic invasion. Yet Sumerian texts survived, being now interweaved with akkadian translation.

Thus Babylonian ( and Assyrian) myths remained much as first expressed by the Sumerians, not least as all mesopotomiam culture relied whatever the era-on the fertility of the land between the two rivers. Yet shifts in attitude arose from historical conflicts shaping the politics of the region. The Babylonian creation epic Enuma Elish (from its opening words: when on hish...) agrees with the Sumerians that the gods created man to serve them, and in return for which service they renew the world each day – but the nature and status of earlier god changed. The Sumerian Ea, Lord of the deep, creator of all things, is known in Babylon, but now bows to babylons champion marduk (Bel-Marduk), slayer of the dragon Tiamat. Enlil city god of nippur and a powerful Sumerian deity retains name and status in the Assyirio-Babylonian pantheon, but the fearful aspect of his elemental nature is emphasised. Yet the names of shamash (sun-god), Sin(moon-god), Nergal(God of the death and the underworld), Ishtar(love-goddess, consort of tammuz and the Babylonian version of the Sumerian inanna) are not semitic, but Sumerian.

And though the epic of Gilgamesh was found the library of the Assyrian emperor Ashurbanipal (668-627 BC), the tale remains Sumerian from the third millennium BC. The cultural continuity remains. Our problem is that we deal not with centuries but with millennia. Between the earliest Sumerian city states and hammurabi’s Babylon lie at least 1200 years: and again 1200 from Hammurabi to the Jewish captivity. In Europe, 1200 years ago, Charlamagne was crowned. Before the birth of Alexander the great, Babylon the great was already a memory, 2400 years ago. King Nebuchadnezzar (d. 562 BC) and Belshazzar his son (d. 539 BC), to whom Daniel interpreted the writing on the wall just before Cyrus the Persian seized Babylon, precede Alexander by as many years as napoleon precedes the last decade of the twentieth century. But mythic memory endures. Before the Gulf war Saddam Hussein of Iraq was attempting to restore this city and its empire rebuilding the walls of ancient Babylon.

Somalia and the Question of National Sovereignty

Waxaa maalamahaan badatay hadalka lugu mucaaradaayo shirka Landhan bishaan gudaheeda lugu qabandoono. Marka hadalka iyo murankuba dhamaado waxaa loo baahanyahay in la fahmo in Soomaaliya aysan ahayn wadan dowlad 'sovereign' ah leh taasuna waxay dhashay in cidwaliba oo Soomaali ahayn in ay ku dhaqaaqaan in ay talooyin iyo fikrado kaladuwan dhiibaan markii Soomaaliya dowladla'aanteeda laga shiraayo.

Waxaa dadkeenu u baahanyihiin in lafahamsiiyo in shirka Landhan lugu casumikaro dowladdo 'sovereign' ah iyo hay'addo caalami ah oona lacasumikarin dad kale (Sh. Shariif iyo dad lamid ah waxay yihiin 'representatives of Somalia')! Marka waxaan kuligeen u baahanahay in aan garano sababta keentay in wadankeeni uu noqdo wadan aan dowlad 'sovereign' ah lahayn.

Marka ugu horaysa waa qasab in la garto in kalimadda 'sovereign' ay micnaheeda rasmiga ah uu noqonaayo xoog markii af Soomaaliga lugu turjumo. Kadib waxaa loobaahanyahay in la islagarto in xooga kaliya oo Soomaaliyeed oo maanta ka jira dalkeena oo 'sovereign' noqonkara (hadii Soomaalidu iswada af gartaan oo si fiican u midoobaan) waa ragga lugu magacaabijiray Maqaawimadda Soomaaliyeed waagii ay dowladda Xabashiddu ay iskudayday in ay magaalada Xamar xoog kula wareegto.

Hadii maanta xooga kaliya oo jira uu noqday nimanka ladagaalamaaya ciidamada 4 wadan oo ajinabi ah oona islamarkiina ay qeyb kamid ah shacabka Soomaaliyeed oo waxgaradka iskadhiga ay u sacbinaayaan dad kale oo xoog lahayn see baa Soomaaliya dowlad 'sovereign' ah u helidoonta?

Waxaan u baahanahay in aan kuligeen hadaan dad Soomali ah nahay in aan hal meel kasoowadajeesano oo aan gacmaheena kudhisano dowlad xoog leh markaas kadibna aan aduunka u cadayno in aan ka adagnahay in aan awoodeena muujino Soomaaliyana si fiican difaacankarno.

Waxaan aniga u arkaa caqlixummo in laga sugo dowladdo shisheeya oo shiraaya in ay Soomaliya xal u helaan sababtana waxaweeye dowlad kasta danteeda bay difaacanaysa oona mana kujirto danta dowladdo shisheeya in shacabka Soomaaliya dantooda guud ladhowro.

Marka maanta dad badan waxay leeyihiin shirka Landhan wax dan ah ummada Soomaaliyeed uguma jiraan.

Maxay awal rabeen dadka saas u hadlaaya? Shirka dad shisheeya qabanqaabiyay oo lacagta dad shisheeya ba ku baxay. Maxaa ku khasbaaya dadkaas in ay wax waydiiyaan Soomaali aan xoog lahayn? Yaa u baahan talo ka timid Soomaali aan xoog lahayn markii lakiraysankaro Shariif 'Sakiin' iyo wax lamid ah?

Shacabkeena waxay u baahanyiin in ay si deg deg ah isu yimaadaan oo ay ku heshiyaan in ay xoog samaystaan markaas kadib ha la macaamileen dadka shisheeya!

Sida kale waa bay Soomaaliya lahayd dowlad xoog leh oo qaarada Afrika oo dhan baa ixtiraamijirtay dowladdii dhexe ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waagaas laakiin cudur xun oo keenta caqlixumo la iskudaarto ba dadkeena kudhacday oo dowladeenii xooga lahayd baa laburburiyay.

Waxaa nugu dacday jab xun oo weli aanaan kasookabin laakiin wa in laladagaalamo caqlixumada ka imaanaysa cuduradda dadkeena kalaqeybinaaya.

Waxaan ku faraxsanahay in maanta ay jiraan dad Soomaali ah oo badan oo u soojeestay in ay dalkooda iyo dadkoodaba difaacaan waxaana raba in aan arko hadii Rabi ogolaado in shacabka Soomaalida ah oo dhan in ay dadkaas kudayadaan oona garabistaagaan!

Maanta ha moodina in dowlad xoog leh ay ajinabigu idiin rabaan hana moodina in dantiina dad aan Soomaali ahayn kafakaraan hadaa saas qabtiina waxaa ogaataan in cudurkii caqlixumada uu weli dhiigiina kujiro.

Ugu dambeyn waxaan rabaa in dadkeenu ogaadaan in aysan marnaba dhicikarin in ladhiso dowlad Soomaaliyeed oo ajinabi dhisay oo kamadaxbanaan xooga iyo fikradaha guud ee qoladii horay u soodhisatay dowladdaas lugutilmaamidoono dowlad Soomaaliyeed.

Marka waxaan idinleeyahay, shacab Soomaaliyeedo, hadaa rabtiin wanaag iyo in dalkiina labarwaaqeeyo samaysta xoog aad wadankiina iyo dantiinaba ku difaacankartaan hadii saas inaad samaysataana aydnaan rabin, oo cudurkii caqlixumada la iskudaarto aad weli qabtiin, waxaad ajinabiga kadalbataan in ay dantiinii idiin difaacaan oo dowlad idiin dhisaan!

Qofka Soomaaliga ah ha is waydiiyo su'aashaan: maxaa qofka Soomaaliga ahayn oo xooga badan leh ku khasbaaya in uu Soomaaliya iyo dadka Soomaalida ah wax wanaag ah u sameeyo?

Haloo Istaago Difaaca Biyaha Badda Soomaaliya

Waxa jira nin kaliidta qaanziir oo ladhaho Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed oo ay nasiibdaradda Soomaalida ay noqotay inuu ninkaas noqdo nin katirsan DKM Soomaaliya. Waxay naleeyihiin ninkaani waa nin mas'uul ka ah arimaha kusaabsan biyaha badda wadanka Soomaaliya wuxuuna hadal kadhigtay waayahaan in badda Soomaaliya ay u bahantahay in laxadeyo iminkaan. Nin noocaan oo kale ah in lagadhexhelo ummada Soomaaliyeed ma fileyn runtii maxajira ma'islaheyn nin sidaani u cagli xun oo xilka wasiirnimo sheeganaya oo islamarkiibana leh shaqadeyda halabaabi'iyo oo dowlada Kenya halawareegto shaqadeyda unasiiqaba in badda wadanka Soomaliya gebigeedaba luguwareejiyo dowlada Kenya waxaanu arrin aad yaab badan.

Waxaan kuleeyahay Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed afxumodiisa iyo aflagaadiisa waxba kagamuuqaadidoono wadanka Soomaaliya laakiin wa in xilka wasiirnimada DKM Soomaaliya lagaqaado ninkaan sharaftalaheyn oo sida riqiiska ah udhaqmaya. Waxa lamooda in ninkaani xun oo sida tuug udhaqmaya in ay soo kireysteen siyaasiyiinta wadamada Kenya iyo Norway. Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed ma'aha nin xishoonaya waana nin afjuxuunsiga kudheereeya madaama uu iskudeyaayo in uu si cad u inkirro jiritaanka sharciyadii caalamiga ah ee biyaha badda Soomaaliyeed oo soobaxay (1972), (1982), (1988). Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed oo ah nin sheeganaya inu yahay wasiir dowladeed oo islamarkiibana si cad oo sharcidaro ah u dhaqmaya waa khasab in si deg deg ah loogaqaado xilka ummadd dhan ay kukhasaaroqabto.

Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed wuxu si xun u ceebeyay Soomaaliya marku sidafooshaxun uu u isticmaalay calanka iyo calaamadaha kale ee qaranimada wadanka Soomaaliya waana khasab in labaaro meeshi ay Kenya ama Norway (ama labadaas dowladood oo iswadta) ay u mariyeen lacagta ay ninkaani xun siyeen sidu howshaan ay dantooda ku gaarayaan ugu fuliyo! Wa in la'iswadiiyo sideebu u dhihikaraa Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed waxan ahay nin mas'uul ka'ah arimaha biyaha badda ummada Soomaaliyeed isagoo udhaqmaya sidi nin burcad ah? Waxaan rajeynaya in sidii ugudhakhsobadan in lugu maxkamadeeyo ninkaan iyo cidii kale oo sida noocaan ugu howlgasha wadamada shisheeya! Insha'alla si wanaagsan ba looxalindoona arrintaan laakin wa in ay shacabka Soomaaliyeed ay u soo istaagtaan difaaca biyaha badda Soomaaliya!

Wa in layeelo sida waayahaan dhow uu sheegayey Mudane Faarax Axmed Cumar oo ah taliyaha ciidamada badda ee DKM Soomaaliya mararka uu barlamaanka DKM iyo taleefishinada uu kagadhawaajiyay in dad farabadan oo shisheeya ay iminkaan duulaan ku yihiin biyaha badda Soomaaliya waana in lagafaa'iideysto aqoonta aqoonyahaanada qaaliga ah ee Soomaaliyeed oo badan oo sharciyada biyaha badda Soomaaliyeedba wax badan kagaranaaya sida Mudane C. Abshir Cigaal oo isna maalma ka hor taleefishinka Soomaalida qudbad kajeediyay.

Wa in dadka Soomaaliya ay ogaadaan in aysan wax dan ah ugu jirin sidu u dhaqmaayo tuuga riqiiska ah oo ladhaho Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed oo sheeganaya xilka wasiirnimada Soomaaliyeed wakhtigaan waana in shacabka Soomaaliyeed in ay ogaato in loobahneyn oo lagafiicanyahay in DKM Soomaaliya ay kalatashato cid aan Soomaali aheyn sida ay dowlada Soomaaliya u maamulidoonto biyaha badda Soomaaliya! Waxaan xaq uleenahay in aan difaacano oo dhowrano sharciyada caalamiga ah oo cadeynaya in Soomaaliya ay iskaleedahay biyaha badda oo xeebta markii laga bilaabo gaareysa 200 Nautical Miles oo EEZ-gu uu yahay 200 Nautical Miles oo kale oo kabilaabata meesha ay biyaha badda Soomaalidu kudhamaato. Cid xaq u leh in ay wax kabadasho sharciyada caalamiga ah oo aduunka oo dhan lagayaqaan majirto islamarkaasna wa in la ogaado sixixa uu tuuga sheeganaya xilka wasiirnimada DKM Soomaaliyana oo ladhaho Cabdiraxmaan Shiikh Ibraahim Maxamed oo ay Kenyaanku kireysteen waxba kamajiraan oo ma'aqoonsandoono xaqdaro noocaas oo kale ah hadaan Soomaali nahay!

Somalia and the Creatures Being Farmed There

So there you have it: there is nothing to see. The epiphenomenon 'Farmaajo' is no longer the 1st minister of the monstrous TFG of Somalia. Although 'Farmaajo' looks like a Somali man, talks like a Somali man, and is apparently beloved by the Somalis at large—the Somalis are not human, so they have no need for a figurehead like 'Farmaajo'.

You see, Somalia is a territory which is currently being exploited by two principle farmers—and I apologise to all conventional farmers for my use of language here—in their quest for greater productivity and enhanced yields in the form of cold hard cash. The principle farmers in question here are known by the names of Museveni and Meles, although they have been known to hide behind the corporate names such as IGAD, the AU, and the 'International Community'.

The farm itself—the bountiful land of Somalia—is so preposterously productive that that our farmers guard it jealously, even from the strange idea that the creatures being farmed (the once proud Somalis) may develop independent thoughts such as thinking about managing their own affairs. You see the Somalis—thinking that they are human—sometimes dream about managing their own affairs. This only amuses the farmers Museveni and Meles—the latter is getting old and has grown rich from his tenure as the chief farmer in the Somali territory. In fact, Meles is still the go to guy with respect to the fine art of getting the best out of the Somali territory: he is famous for giving long lectures on the subject, even though the majority his brutal farmhands had been kicked out of Somalia a few years ago.

The farmers have many devices and tools at their disposal when they are working the fields of Somalia. Their most prized asset is the sheepdog called Mahiga who never tires of herding the Somali sheep on behalf of his farmer masters. Mahiga lives in an opulent kennel, known as UNPOS, which is remarkable for such a low born dog. The wonders of the universe never cease to amaze me—praise be to the Almighty!

The Somalis—being creatures less than human—are often frightened by magic and scarecrows. One famous scarecrow in Somalia is primarily known as Shariif 'Sakiin', although he is known by many other names and designations—including 'nejis nejis dhalay'. Rather perversely, this evil scarecrow is known to work hand in glove with a very famous crow—on the Somali farm—known as Axmed 'Tuke'. Axmed 'Tuke' is the ugly face of the Somali farm. Sadly, for the millions of creatures being processed on the farm Somalia, Axmed 'Tuke' has a mind even uglier than his appearance.

Axmed 'Tuke' began working on the farm Somalia as a bird of a feather with a flock who had brought peace to Mogadishu many moons ago. Now he is the crow who conspires with the scarecrow against all of the creatures on the farm Somalia. How did the this absurdly perverse situation ever be allowed to develop? How did the farmer Meles—who was famously born with a healthy fear of the Somali territory—end up being the chief farmer in Somalia?


More puzzling is how did the the up and coming farmer Museveni manage to employ thousands of thuggish storm-trooper farmhands, known as AMISOM, in Somalia without so much as a whisper from Meles? This is indeed a strange game: an evil game!

The other day, I stumbled across a news report which showed the Somali creatures on the farm being given rations of cooking oil and rice by an agency which is independent of the farmers Museveni and Meles. When I watched this particular news report, I found myself asking, is such a reality really possible? Can the Somali creatures really be liberated from their current state of actual dehumanisation? Can the Somalis one day manage their own affairs? May the Almighty guide us to such freedoms.

It is strange to think that Mogadishu, once the White Pearl of the Indian Ocean, is now home to the shocking farming methodology of the AMISOM storm-troopers being employed by the farmer Museveni. Mogadishu is now the abattoir where the Final Solution for the Somali creatures is most mechanised and efficient. Somali blood is not human blood judging by the work methods of AMISOM. AMISOM is known, and is infamous, for its indiscriminate bombardment of areas of Mogadishu where the Somali creatures seek shelter. AMISOM is very professional: it operates in Mogadishu in order to turn a profit, and nothing else matters to AMISOM commanders. How have the Somalis fallen so low as to be penned in and manipulated by 'adoon' in military dress? Did not some of their grand fathers and great grand fathers fight off the attentions of the military superpowers of the past? How has it come to this?

Somalia and Wikileaks

There can be no doubt that the release of the U.S. State Department diplomatic cables, by the Wikileaks organisation, is a triumph of journalism. The fact that certain sections of the political establishment inside America are mounting a campaign directed against Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, is a testament to the raw power of this remarkable phenomenon. Assange should be commended, not prosecuted, for his efforts. The fact that Wikileaks has successfully revitalised the art of global journalism, in spite of the mind-blowing incompetence of the American mainstream, in a very short period of time is something very impressive.

The fact is that Wikileaks, an organisation that genuinely pursues the principles of freedom so speech—unlike the bulk of the mainstream media in the West which merely pays lip service to it—has shaken up the corridors of power, by speaking the truth to power. This is indeed an important development. Perhaps, in years to come, nothing remotely like the treasure trove of confidential government documents currently being released by Wikileaks, shall ever be presented to the public as a consequence of the legal backlash that has been stimulated by the noble actions of Mr. Assange and his colleagues.

With respect to Somalia, it is particularly refreshing to see the evidence of the quite astonishing levels of American cynicism that is associated with the recent history of the feeble TFG of Somalia. It is remarkable to see, as a result of the information being released by the Wikileaks organisation, that the U.S. State Department now admits—internally at least—to the fact that the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia in 2006 was a mistake. Also, it is quite amazing to read of the joy and glee of the crown prince of the United Arab Emirates as he congratulates General John Abizaid, of U.S. CENTCOM, on the outcome of the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia, which the prince described as “a fantastic operation”. The poor man could not have been more mistaken. I hope that the prince can now see that the Ethiopian invasion of December 2006 was far from the fantastic operation he described then. Wikileaks provides us with the first documentary evidence that connects the United States of America to the 2006 invasion of Somalia by the Ethiopian army.

Where previously, there had only been speculation fueled by nothing more that circumstantial evidence, Wikileaks has provided us with official government documents which shed light upon the American mindset during this critical period in the history of the Somali nation. This is something which is very valuable, and not just for the people of Somalia. History, unlike the truth, is something which can be easily warped and manipulated. However, the raw data being released by the Wikileaks organisation is allowing the truth to triumph—at this moment in time—over the falsehoods which usually go a long way towards shaping recorded history. In a place like modern Somalia, this represents nothing less than a revolution.

Another American diplomatic cable, recently released by the Wikileaks organisation, documents the strenuous efforts made by the former TFG prime minister Cumar C/rashiid Cali when he had attempted to convince unnamed U.S. military commanders to bomb a Shabaab-Xisbul Islaam conclave which was being held near to Afgooye on the 16th of May 2009. It is documented that Cumar C/rashiid Cali had discussions, by means of the telephone, with the American military men based in Washington D.C. It would appear that the Americans refused to support his idea to attack the Shabaab and Xisbul Islaam officials who were meeting on that day. What is truly shocking is that a man, as inconsequential as Cumar C/rashiid Cali and who is a member of the feeble TFG of Somalia can actually imagine that he can influence the decision making process of the American military's chain of command.

The Americans have never been known to be shy and retiring when it comes to going after a military objective, and it seems highly unlikely—to me at least—that the Pentagon requires the inept TFG of Somalia to provide it with actionable military intelligence at any time. Furthermore, the Americans have carried out military strikes inside Somalia on a number of occasions in recent years. They have never once relied upon the TFG of Somalia for any aspect of the execution of any of these well documented incidents. It is staggering to think that a man, who calls himself a political leader inside Somalia, can calmly call for the bombing of the Somali national territory—as though he was ordering a pizza after a hard day in the office. It is hard to believe that anyone could behave in this fashion and expect to remain a credible political figure inside Somalia. We have Wikileaks to thank for providing us with documentary evidence of the sheer depravity and immorality of men such a Cumar C/rashiid Cali Sharmaarke.

It seems quite clear—especially when we recall that Cumar C/rashiid Cali had been paid approximately US$2,000,000 in return for stepping down as the TFG prime minister in September 2010—that Somalia shall remain in the grips of the ongoing violence so long as the corrupting influence and moral weakness of the TFG is not addressed properly. The Shabaab shall continue to find recruits, and the war will continue, unless genuine Somali patriots take responsibility for the rehabilitation of the Somali state. I have condemned and denounced the TFG of Somalia on many occasions, and I have attempted to demonstrate the dangers inherent in standing by and doing nothing, but the falsehoods being presented by many interested players—quite often players who are manifestly hostile to the legitimate interests of the Somali nation—seem to distract the people very easily. However, the evidence being made available by the Wikileaks organisation represents a mirror for all of the Somali people to look at. It is up to us to choose whether we wish to look at the image being presented to us or not. Somalia must decide to confront the image being presented here, and to respond by making a stand against injustice in a responsible and mature manner.

Somalia and the Deceitful Rhetoric of Axmed 'Tuke'

Hardly a day pass, during recent times, when we do not hear that some senior member of the ghastly TFG of Somalia has travelled away from Mogadishu in order to meet with his handlers in other parts of the world. Today is no exception, for I have just read that the cretin Axmed 'Tuke'—the so-called president of the TFG—has flown from Aden 'Cadde' and is bound for the Ugandan capital city of Kampala.

To my mind, this simple act of travelling away from Somalia—to Uganada on this day—in order to meet the political masters of the AMISOM troops who had, just yesterday, killed dozens of innocent Somali civilians, by means of their indiscriminate shelling of the Bakara market in Mogadishu, demonstrates the fact that the Axmed 'Tuke' is a shameless and soulless traitor who masquerades daily as a God-fearing Muslim.

Today, the imposter president of Somalia shall request the deployment of more Ugandan troops—as had been previously pledged by shamelessly Anglophile Ugandan dictator—in order to further his own personal interests at the expense of the legitimate interests of the entire Somali nation. Today, Axmed 'Tuke', with characteristic cowardice, shall ask the murderous Ugandan leader to further intensify the heinous indiscriminate shelling of the much traumatised civilian population of Mogadishu purely for the benefit of the monstrous TFG of Somalia.

This a great shame, and nothing less than a dreadfully dark stain upon the history of the Somali nation. Once, I should have thought it impossible to imagine that a Somali individual should seek to utilise the force of arms of a manifestly hostile foreign entity against the civilian population of Somalia. However, I am now quite convinced of the fact that Axmed 'Tuke', and others like him shall forever attempt to stoop as low as they can in order to satisfy their own greed and mindless lust for power.

The actions, of this ghastly little man, speak far louder than his painfully deceitful words. It is hard to imagine a being lower than this notoriously shameless man—Axmed 'Tuke', so-called president of the TFG—even when one casts their mind back to the appalling warlord era of Mogadishu! There must come a time, when all of the Somali people become aware of the fact that the monstrous TFG of Somalia is nothing more than a tool of neocolonialism. The monstrous TFG of Somalia trades only on its ability to justify the thousands brutal killing and forced displacement of the civilian population of the entire Somali peninsula on the behalf of foreign powers.

The Somali people must learn to recognise the fact that the vile TFG of Somalia—with its barbaric philosophy that is founded on the principle of collective punishment of the Somali civilian population—is nothing more than a throwback to the era of European expansionism in Africa. It is not difficult to imagine people like the ghastly Axmed 'Tuke', and the other ethnic Somalis who are currently serving the nefarious interests of various manifestly anti-Somali global entities, fawning before their European masters 100 years ago.

These so-called Somali politicians prostitute both themselves and the legitimate interests of the entire Somali nation by their shameful actions; and that is to say nothing of Somali honour itself. Such people flout, on a daily basis, the laws of the Almighty and yet—somehow—they expect the support of the God-fearing people of Somalia despite their manifest wickedness. It is my sincere wish that today, when Axmed 'Tuke' meets with the Ugandan dictator—that mindless barking dog of the West—he dispenses with deceitful rhetoric and openly admits to his crimes by declaring himself a loyal stooge of the agents of neocolonialism and a mortal enemy of the Somali nation!

Somalia and the Ethiopia Militias That Prey Upon the Impoverished Somali Civilians of the Ogaden Region

As had occurred, earlier this year, when rapacious Ethiopian troops had attacked the Somali settlement of Buuhoodle, the people of the Eastern fringes of the Ogaden region have recently been mercilessly attacked by the very same—and extremely brutal—armed forces of the Ethiopian federation.

As had occurred in Buuhoodle—earlier in the year—the Ethiopian troops had subjected the Somali civilian population of the Eastern fringes of the Ogaden region to a violent reign of terror. Not only had the Ethiopians killed scores of Somali civilians, by means of a chilling series of unprovoked extrajudicial killings, they even managed to steal the property of the poor Somali civilian community that had been shattered by their merciless violence.

The Ethiopians, in their frenzied attempts to kill as many Somali people as possible, had managed to grievously injure many Somali civilians instead. So venal and depraved are the Ethiopian troops, they had insisted—just as they had done in Buuhoodle a few weeks earlier—upon taking the trucks of the Somali settlement in question.

The Ethiopians, in their extreme vindictiveness, had stolen the Somali people's vital means of transport; the Ethiopians had stolen the only motorised vehicles capable of transporting vital supplies to this particularly isolated Somali settlement, which is located in the Eastern fringes of the Ogaden region.

This ghastly policy must end. Nothing can justify this form of state-sponsored terrorism. We, the Somali people, must resist these terrible acts of aggression perpetrated against us by the Ethiopian army and their associated militias. This terrible tactic of removing the transport vehicles—which mostly belong to the impoverished Somali civilians of the Ogaden region—must cease.

With faith, and the help of the Almighty, we shall overcome the consequences of this particulary tragic period in Somali national history.

Somalia and the Honourable People of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn Regions

'That which does not kill us makes us stronger'
-Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

Firstly, let me express my solidarity with the honourable people of the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions of Somalia. These people have been treated quite appallingly, in recent years, by the puppet regimes in both Puntland and Somaliland. To make matters worse, the rather thuggish Ethiopian state is now attempting to achieve its nefarious desired objectives directly in North-Western Somalia by extremely violent means, as was the case in recent massacre in the border town of Buuhoodle. There can be no doubt that the Ethiopian regime, in Addis-Ababa, is pursuing a divide and rule policy with respect to the entire Somali peninsula. The Ethiopian state, as has been demonstrated time and again, has no regard for the truly awful consequences of the manifestly anti-Somali policies which it consistently chooses to pursue. Indeed, the shedding of Somali blood is an integral component of the long-term objectives of the Ethiopian state to depopulate the Somali national territory of both the Somali people and their ancient culture.

The honourable Somali people of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn regions have courageously thwarted both the evil designs of the brutally extreme Ethiopain army—and its associated militia—and the dastardly plans of the secessionist Somaliland regime of Dahir Riyaale Kahin in Hargesa by refusing to participate in the sham elections of this month(1). The secessionists of Somaliland seem to believe that they shall somehow benefit materially from supporting the profoundly anti-Somali elites of the Ethiopian state. However, by attempting to violently destroy the legitimate interests of the people of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn regions, the secessionists in Hargeisa only draw themselves deeper into the malignant sphere of influence of racist Ethiopia.

I call upon the leadership in both Puntland and the secessionist enclave of Somaliland to respect the right to self-organisation of the honourable Somali people of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn regions. This includes the right to organise their own economic affairs without fear of extortion or violent intimidation by the wicked security apparatus of the Ethiopian state and its puppet regimes inside Somalia. At the present moment in time, far too many so-called Somali leaders are all too ready to go out of their way in order to serve the best interests of the Ethiopian state(2); and too often at the absolute expense of the Somali people. This must stop. Far too often, people such as the hopelessly weak and ineffective prime minister of the ghastly TFG of Somalia—Cumar Cabdirasiid Cali Sharmaarke—have made statements which condemn the people of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn regions simply because—in the eyes of such so-called leaders of modern Somalia—to oppose the Ethiopian state is considered to be something wrong and unthinkable. This is a great pity. I, for one, am deeply disappointed by anyone who can claim to be a leader of the Somali nation whilst simultaneously serving the best interests of the beast Meles Zenawi!

Ethiopia is directly responsible for all of the death and destruction that has been the ruin of the Somali republic during the past 21 years. Ethiopia is the prime beneficiary of all anti-Somali policies ever pursued in the Horn of Africa region—by one power or another—for over 100 years. Ethiopia is an illegal entity which is built upon the illegal partitioning of the Somali national territory a long time ago, and we still live with the dreadful consequences of this evil act to this day. Not satisfied by this historic criminal act, the modern Ethiopian regime seeks to further divide Somalia, region by region, for their own nefarious ends. Ethiopia is an entity built upon the bodies of many oppressed nations and it is sustained by the spilled blood of all of these nations—not least the blood of the Somali nation! I sincerely believe that the road to freedom, for all of the oppressed and long suffering nations of the Horn of Africa, can be found by all those who are able to emulate the strength and courage demonstrated recently by the honourable people of the Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn regions of Somalia. Only then, with the will of the Almighty—when all of us completely reject the manipulative influences of the marionette puppets currently active in the Horn of Africa and their shadowy handlers—may we find peace.

(1)When secessionist terrorist occupiers call their victims names
By O. H. Omar

(2)Re-published integrally from http://www.halgan.net/view_article.php?articleid=13944

Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Puntland Jen.C/samad
Cali Shire oo u baqoolay dalka Itoobiya

Posted to the Web Jun 23, 09:12

Gaalkacyo:-Madaxweyne ku xigeenka dowlada Puntland Jen.C/samad Cali Shire iyo wafdi la socda ayaa saaka waxay safar shaqo ah ugu kicitimeen magaalada Adis ababa ee xarunta dalka Itoobiya.

Wafdi uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne xigeenka dowlada Puntland Jen.C/samad Cali Shire ayaan waxay la shaacin sababta rasmiga ah oo ay u aadeen dalka Itoobiya balse warar hoose ayaa sheegaya in madaxweyne ku xigeenku uu u aaday dalka Itoobiya si uu u gala soo hadlo baabur laga leeyahay gobalka Ceyn oo ay qaateen ciidamo itoobiyaan ah oo soo galay magaalada Buudoodle ee xarunta gobalka Ceyn.

Wafdiga Madaxweyna ku xigeenka Puntland ku weheliya safarkiisa ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Wasiirka Amniga Gen.Yuusuf Axmed Kheyr, Wasiirka kaluumeysiga iyo dekada Maxamed Faarax aadan, Wasiir ku xigeenka Amniga gudaha Cali Yuusuf Cali xoosh iyo Agaasimaha Madaxtooyada Puntland Cali Jaamac Gibin iyo taliyaha ciidanka daraawiishta Puntland.

Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Puntland ayaa joogi doona magaalada Adis ababa ee xarunta dalka Itoobiya mudo laba isbuuc ah ka dibna waxaa uu uga sii gudbi doonaa dalalka Jabuuti iyo Kenya.

M_M Deeq
Source: (Halgan.net)

Somalia and the Ethiopian Invasion of Buuhoodle

Rather surprisingly, for all Somalis are familiar with this particular foe, it comes as a great shock to discover that the ancient enemy of the Somali people—the Abyssinian highlanders—are still capable of terrorizing the people of the Somali republic with impunity. By what authority does the Ethiopian army have the right to invade the Somali national territory in order to kill innocent Somali civilians as happened in Buuhoole, located in the Cayn region of Somalia, on the 21st of May 2010? The Ethiopian army had massacred many unarmed and defenceless Somali people on that day, and the perpetrators of this ghastly crime must be made to account for their inhuman actions.

The invasion of Buuhoodle must be condemned in the strongest possible terms by all civilised people. All Somali people must learn to recognise this dangerous enemy at the gates. The perfidious Abyssinian highlanders are peerless with respect to their capacity for perpetrating the systematic killing of innocent Somali civilians; with the slitting the throats of sleeping Somali children; with the raping of Somali mothers in full view of their children; with the burning of entire Somali settlements. These are the age-old crimes of the Abyssinians: the invasion of Buuhoodle is but the latest episode in more than a century of Ethiopian abuses inside the Somali national territory.

Whilst any sane person, with a heart, would find it painful to contemplate the full ramifications of the recent Ethiopian invasion of Buuhoodle, the so-called internal security minister of the Puntland State of Somalia—one General Yusuf Axmed 'Kheyr'—went out of his way to apologise to the Ethiopian government after the Ethiopian army had killed and wounded scores of Somali civilians in Buuhoodle. This is something truly remarkable! Does not Mr. 'Kheyr' recognise that it is the entire Somali nation that requires, at the very least, an apology—from the scheming Abyssinian elite in Addis-Ababa—as a result of the carnage in Boohodle. Does not this foolish man recognise the fact that he is not required, either to provide an explanation for—nor to apologise for—the merciless killing of Somali nationals at the hands of the bloodthirsty Ethiopian army? Or is this man—General Yusuf Axmed 'Kheyr'—merely a hired hand; a man who is employed to serve Abyssinian political masters? Is he a man who is more dedicated to the criminal political interests of his Abyssinian masters than he is to the legitimate national interests of the Somali people?

By invading the Buuhoodle settlement—in the Cayn region of Somalia—the Abyssinian highlanders have committed an act of aggression, and any attempts, made by their many servants inside the Puntland State of Somalia administration, or anywhere else, to justify this act of aggression is an act of treason. The time has come for the cur dogs—who style themselves as the political elite of the Somali nation—inside the presidential palace of Garowe to publicly condemn the recent murders that had been perpetrated by the Ethiopian army on Somali soil. We must all learn to recognise the fact that Buuhoodle, and all other settlements inside the Somali national territory are currently being threatened by the rapacious and ferociously anti-Somali foreign policies of the Abyssinian dominated Ethiopian federation.

The time has come, for the Somali nation to resist this age-old Abyssinian impulse to kill Somali people in the prime of their lives: the time has come to remove the like of president Cabdiraxmaan M. 'Faroole' from a position of social responsibility on ground of gross negligence, and by the fact that he had been working hand-in-glove with the Abyssinian high command in Addis-Ababa since he assumed the presidency of the Puntland State autonomous region of Somalia. Such a man cannot claim to be acting on behalf of the people of Somalia, if he is simultaneously collaborating with the merciless Ethiopian security forces on a daily basis; the same Ethiopian security forces who had kill and maimed Somali civilians in Buuhoodle on the 21st of May 2010.

Somalia and the Inherent Dangers of Fiat Money Regimes

What could be more shameful, for a fully grown man, than to find himself being coerced into performing tricks—by manifestly hostile agencies, and against his will—in exchange for an intrinsically worthless object? This is precisely the shameful situation in which the senior members of the monstrous TFG of Somalia currently find themselves. This week we witnessed some truly disgraceful infighting amongst the senior members of the so called TFG executive which culminated in the reinstatement of the TFG prime minister—Cumar Cabdirashiid—just a day after he and his useless council of ministers had been dismissed by the venal president of the TFG, Shariif Axmed.

The cause of the recent conflict which very nearly brought down the TFG, and the strange happenings of the part few days, is a consignment of newly printed Somali Shillings. This money had been printed in the Sudan, and had been transported by sea to the Post of Mogadishu. I have it on good authority that the so-called president of the TFG had personally taken delivery of this consignment of money—seven truck loads worth—in Villa Somalia. It is at this moment in time, when the senior members of the TFG had begun to fight like cats and dogs after they had learned that their so-called president had taken personal charge of this money, and that he would not be sharing it with any of the other members of the perfidious TFG of Somalia—as had been anticipated previously. Much of the TFG had been duped into thinking that the money would be distributed fairly, amongst the senior members of the TFG. Indeed, the shameless TFG president had actually conspired, with the former speaker of the farcical TF parliament, in a bid to cut the other men out of receiving any share in the illusory windfall to come their way. The speaker is said to have received a small share of the newly printed money in exchange for his support of this nefarious TFG scheme.

The important question to ask is why are these men compelled to behave so shamefully as a consequence of the printing of fiat money? The Somali Shillings in question are, in fact, completely devoid of value. Why does the ghastly president of the TFG, Shariif Axmed, feel the need to betray his colleagues within the TFG—not to mention the Somali people in general—for the sake of a mountain of worthless paper?

I would venture to say that these men a currently labouring under the false impression that the fiat money in their possession has some value. I would suggest that these men have been manipulated by their own greed, and the words of their foreign masters, to believe in the illusion that the newly printed notes are notes of great value. These men are unable to see that they are being manipulated; being experimented upon. I should like to think that the common laboratory rat has more sense than the imbecilic members of the TFG of Somalia—the laboratory rat, although it lives in a cage, has a keen sense of what has material value in this world as opposed to the numerous traitors who claim to be working for the benefit of the Somali people at this time. The TFG of Somalia is so inept that its member cannot even conceal their own avarice from the public when they fight amongst each other for a few scraps of worthless paper.

The combination of personal greed and unimaginable moral degradation shall inevitably bring down the monstrous TFG of Somalia. All the fiat money of the world, including the now discredited US dollar, shall not help the evil men who currently inhabit Villa Somalia. This I am sure of.

Somalia: From Emergency to Emergence

It must be stated—first and foremost, by a someone unaffiliated to the Wahabi school of thought—that the Shabaab have hit upon a winning idea when they had recently forbidden the UN World Food Program from operating in Southern Somalia. This is a truly admirable political decision, and any Somali national who disagrees is nothing less than a spineless slave by nature.

The Somali national territory has been a food exporting region of the world for thousands of years—are we, the honourable Somali people, really being asked to stop feeding ourselves for the sake of the narrow minded interests of Western governments?

The world is a curious place if this is the case. Let us all be clear about one thing, the ghastly TPLF elite of the Ethiopian federation—whilst they had been an insurgent movement--had certainly exploited the mass starvation of the Tigrayan people in 1984, for their own tactical ends¹. This coldblooded, and cynical, display of cruelty is the defining hallmark of the current government of Ethiopia: a government that has ruthlessly cannibalised the Tigrayan people—its political bedrock.

Therefore—in light of inhuman behavior on the part of Meles and his legions of ruthless TPLF cadre—how disgusting it is to see so-called leaders of the Somali community being enslaved by the very same Meles who ate his own people?

I am constantly shocked by the fact that, seemingly right-mined, people actually believe the the Ethiopian federation is going to survive, as a viable political entity when the monster Meles steps down.

I imagine the Amhara shall soon make a political comeback in Addis-Ababa. However, I imagine that the newly emergent Somali national consciousness shall overcome the wounds caused by the emergency that had been the invasion of the brutal Ethiopian army in 2007. Somalia still exists; both as a concept and as a geographic feature of the earth. There is nothing that the cannibal Meles Zenawi—lord of the savage TPLF elite of Ethiopia—can do to alter this fact of natural life: for demons only exert influence in hell!

And so, years after literally eating his own people, the monster Meles decided to invade the Somali national territory—with a great deal of support from the politically fickle Americans. For the Americans are selfish to the point where they regularly—and routinely—enslave their own citizens for one reason or another. The Americans both aided and abetted the Ethiopian invasion of the Somali national territory in 2007. For this reason alone, they—the Americans—be they ethnic Somalis or not, they have no business in the Somali peninsula. Their brand of evil has no place on the African continent.

The horrid TFG of Somalia is both a product of American arrogance and Ethiopian venality; a creature born of evil; a creature which serves an evil interests.

The horrid TFG of Somalia must be fought and destroyed, due to the existence of its inhuman bylaws: its monstrously rigid—not to mention divisive—4.5 sectarian agenda!

I believe that the worst is over. The Somali nation has been liberated from the horrendous, and potentially fatal, influence of political subservience to the ghastly Ethiopian regime—guided by the demonic Meles Zenawi—with its Western backers: The Ethiopian state survives on the back of charitable donations from the West.

Today, we see that the Ethiopian backed groups—active inside the Somali national territory—have themselves become liberated from the malignant influence of the TPLF leadership in Addis-Ababa. I say this because, the TPLF lives in dread of the armed men of central Somali, currently calling themselves Alhu Sunna Waljameeca—a Sufi order. The very fact that the Ethiopian state can never trust its so-called Somali allies² is a reason to feel confident that the Somali nation shall emerge stronger with each year that passes. With faith, and a little non-linear thinking, Somalia must surely prevail.

1Mr. Aregewi Berhe BBC Statement, March 2010

2See: The Rise & Fall of Cabdullahi Yusuf Axmed.